The Antitrust Attorney Blog

Congratulations to Team USA Hockey and Especially Warroad, Minnesota

February 16, 2014 | Bona Law PC

Here at The Antitrust Attorney Blog, we like to talk about competition. And what could be a better example of competition than Olympic Hockey. Mostly ignored by all but die-hard fans, hockey—Olympic style—captures the world’s attention every four years, as we all become fans of this exciting sport.

Story lines are everywhere and history unfolds before our eyes, like it did on Saturday when the United States beat Russia in a wild shootout that went on and on. Not surprisingly, the hero from Saturday’s exciting preliminary match, T.J. Oshie, is from a small Northern Minnesota town called Warroad.

As you might recall, even though my family now lives in beautiful Sunny San Diego, we are Minnesota natives. My wife, in fact, has many (and I really mean many) family members that live in Warroad, as well as neighboring town and hockey rival, Roseau, Minnesota.

The two towns are adjacent to the Canadian border, and hockey is kind of a big deal. I have traveled there myself several times. It is a long drive from Minneapolis, best experienced during the warm months. You might be interested to know that two well-run and successful companies also call the area home—Polaris and Marvin Windows.

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Does My Company’s Loyalty-Discount Program Violate Antitrust and Competition Laws?

January 22, 2014 | Bona Law PC

This article is cross-posted in both English and French at Thibault Schrepel’s outstanding competition blog Le Concurrentialiste. Like most antitrust issues today, questions about loyalty discounts are relevant across the globe as competition regimes and courts grapple with the best way to address them.

Companies like to reward their best customers with discounts. It happens everywhere from the local sandwich shop to markets for medical devices, pharmaceutical products, airline tickets, computers, consumer products, and many other products and services.

Customers like loyalty-discount programs (or rebates) because they get more for less. And the reason so many companies offer them is because they are successful.

Everyone wins, right?

Usually. But the program could very well violate antitrust and competition laws in the United States, the European Commission, or other jurisdictions.

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A New Issue of the Antitrust Law Journal is Out!

January 14, 2014 | Bona Law PC

I was excited to find a brand-new crisp copy of the Antitrust Law Journal at my San Diego office today. That may seem like an odd statement, but I am admittedly a bit of a law nerd, particularly when it comes to antitrust and competition issues.

Many lawyers today have, unfortunately, lost the enthusiasm for law that they once had in law school or early in their careers. I have not. I love legal ideas and arguments, and the deeper I can explore a subject, the better.

What is great about antitrust and competition law is that unlike many areas of practice, it is well-connected to the academic and economic world. Indeed, I believe that to truly excel in this area, an attorney must follow and even participate in the exchange of ideas that might seem academic. The ideas in the Antitrust Law Journal, and antitrust articles in university law journals, for example, quickly infiltrate their way into agency practice and court decisions.

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Even Individual Real-Estate Investors Can Violate The Antitrust Laws

January 6, 2014 | Bona Law PC

When you think about a government antitrust investigation, you probably picture monopoly accusations against large companies like Microsoft in the 90’s and early 2000’s or AT&T in the 70’s and 80’s. Or perhaps you imagine a global price-fixing cartel like that depicted in the movie The Informant.

In any event, the target in your mind is a big company, along with their officers and executives, and perhaps some sales people.

The Department of Justice actions against individual real-estate investors in Northern California should shatter those preconceptions. Over the last few weeks, the Antitrust Division of the DOJ has announced a series of plea agreements arising out of its antitrust investigations into bid rigging at real-estate-foreclosure auctions for certain Northern California counties.

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I Commend AT&T and T-Mobile for Fighting

January 5, 2014 | Bona Law PC

Competition is beautiful. As an antitrust lawyer, I often face situations where one side or the other asserts that competition is restricted for some reason. And sometimes it isn’t, but another party claims that it is because it is losing the competition.

Or a government official prematurely acts on a fashionable new paper from a confident economist describing an economic model—with several assumptions having nothing to do with the real world—showing that some business practice violates the antitrust laws. It is a lot of work—but important work—to untangle these allegations.

So when I read an article that shows honest straightforward competition between two companies, I smile.

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“It’s A Wonderful [Competitive] Life”

January 2, 2014 | Bona Law PC

Note: I co-authored this blog entry with my wife, Mary Bona.

We hope you all enjoyed the holiday season!

Along with the holidays come many traditions. One tradition in our family is to watch the heart-warming, iconic holiday film, It’s A Wonderful Life, starring James Stewart and Donna Reed. It’s no surprise that this film is amongst my wife’s favorites, not only because she loves the old classics, but also because, like the main character George, she is a small-business owner, and, like George’s wife (also named Mary), she loves old homes and fixing up the dilapidated ones.

Frank Capra, the film’s director and producer, was a Sicilian immigrant who grew up in the Italian ghetto of San Francisco. He started from very humble beginnings to become one of the most influential directors of his time. During his acceptance speech for the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award in 1982, Capra stressed his most important values:

“The art of Frank Capra is very simple: …the love of people…coupled with the freedom of each individual, and the equal importance of each individual, [is] the principle on which I based all my films.”

He went on to recall “celebrating” his 6th birthday in the miserable steerage section of a boat full of other terrified immigrants. After 13 awful days at sea, the boat stopped, and Capra’s father brought him up to the deck of the huge ship. “’Chico, look at that!’”, his father cried, “That’s the greatest light since the star of Bethlehem! I looked up, and there was the statue of a great lady, taller than a church steeple, holding a lamp over the land we were about to enter, and my father said, ‘It’s the light of Freedom, Chico. Remember that. Freedom.’”

It’s no wonder that, when he finally formed his own independent film production, he titled it “Liberty Films,” and the first thing we see when the movie starts is the tolling of the famous Liberty Bell. Continue reading →

Building an Antitrust and Competition Policy: Where to Begin

December 26, 2013 | Bona Law PC

Let’s pretend that you are starting the new year with an exciting opportunity: You were just named general counsel of a multi-national corporation with several market-leading products.

You received lots of congratulations, high-fives, and kudos during holiday parties and family get-togethers, but you can’t help but start to think about the arduous task ahead.

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Breaking Up The Music-Teachers’ Cartel

December 18, 2013 | Bona Law PC

Little Johnny finally has a chance for some decent-priced piano lessons, thanks to the diligence of your Federal Trade Commission.

On Monday, December 16, 2013 the FTC slammed the full weight of its antitrust authority against the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) and their vicious cartel to make little Susie pay more for her violin lessons.

The Association entered into a consent decree with the FTC, addressing the following provisions in their code of ethics: “The teacher shall respect the integrity of other teachers’ studios and shall not actively recruit students from another studio.”

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The Anatomy of a Per-Se-Antitrust Violation

December 15, 2013 | Bona Law PC

The Internet didn’t fall down after my first post, so I thought I’d try another.

In the US, certain conduct is so obviously anticompetitive that antitrust law labels it per se illegal. These restraints lack redeeming pro-competitive value in almost all instances, so the law allows plaintiffs an important short-cut to pleading and proving such a claim.

The short-cut is that a plaintiff asserting a per-se-antitrust claim need not demonstrate anticompetitive harm. The law presumes such harm. This is huge because this element is one of the most difficult and expensive to prove.

Proving anticompetitive harm is often tough. Plaintiffs usually start by defining the relevant product and geographic markets. This is obvious is some cases; difficult and disputed in others.

Within that defined market, the plaintiff will then usually have to show market or monopoly power, then actual competitive harm in that market that exceeds any competitive benefits from the challenged restraint. It doesn’t always go like this, but that is the typical journey.

Proving all of this almost always requires expert economic testimony, which is—again—almost always disputed by defendants’ economic expert.

So this anticompetitive harm element can become quite burdensome and expensive. That is why fitting a case into a per-se-antitrust package is so valuable for a plaintiff, and risky for a defendant.

Price-fixing agreements usually come to mind as the prototypical per se antitrust violation (keep in mind that antitrust views agreements to limit volume as effectively the same thing). Other examples are market-allocation agreements and certain boycotts.

Let’s talk about market-allocation agreements—as price-fixing is a bit too obvious—so we can see how dangerously easy it is for this per-se-antitrust violation to develop.

Market allocation is an antitrust problem because competitors are agreeing not to compete. The most simple market-allocation agreement is geographic—“you take customers West of the Mississippi, and we will take the ones to the East.”

But sometimes it develops more subtly.

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I Started An Antitrust Blog

December 13, 2013 | Bona Law PC

Welcome. My name is Jarod Bona and this is my new antitrust blog—The Antitrust Attorney Blog. My antitrust and competition practice is global, but I am fortunate to live in Sunny San Diego with my wonderful wife and son. If you’ve never been to San Diego, I highly recommend it.

I am starting this blog to participate in the “market-place of ideas,” primarily on antitrust and competition issues. But I will probably dabble in other areas too, as—like most antitrust lawyers—I do more than just antitrust. Indeed, after my clerkship, I started my career as an appellate attorney in Washington, DC, and I continue to litigate non-antitrust cases in both appellate and trial courts.

I graduated from Harvard Law School in 2001, then clerked in Minneapolis for Judge James B. Loken of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. I then joined the Appellate and Constitutional Law Group of Gibson Dunn in Washington, DC before moving to California and eventually DLA Piper. I also spent several years in DLA Piper’s Minneapolis office. Update: I now work for my own law firm–Bona Law PC.

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